Remove “Category: “, “Tag:”, “Author:” in the_archive_title()

Add code in your file function.php

Tested:
WordPress 6.4.2
PHP 7.4

function wphaf_get_the_archive_title( $title ) {
  $title = preg_replace( '~^[^:]+: ~', '', $title );
  $s = array( '<span>', '</span>' );
  return str_replace( $s, '', $title );
}
  
add_filter( 'get_the_archive_title', 'wphaf_get_the_archive_title' );

or

add_filter( 'get_the_archive_title_prefix', '__return_empty_string' );